| Written by: Dr Leow Chee Seng | Date Added: 2009-12-29 15:21:57 | |||||
Fundamental of Psychology |
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What psychologists do? |
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1.Most people have impression that a clinical psychologist: · Sitting on a chair
· Taking notes
· Taking to a person lying on couch
· Reminding their child and history
2. Another 2/3 of the psychologists cover the general area. They are
· Old fashion setting
· Trying to help to solve their problems related to mentally ill, problems in life.
3. The differences between psychologist and psychiatrist
4. Experimental psychology
· Include 1/3 of psychologist in the industry
· These group of psychologist are wearing white lab coat with recharge.
· They are running down the laboratory to run around with mice
· They usually work with people who is normal
· They have interest to work with people how they
o Perceive things
o Remember things
o Learns things
o What motivates a person
· The experimental psychologist work in the setting of laboratory, government operation or laboratory of a university.
· They could be working in industry and organisation job and industry or economy design system.
5. History Development of psychology
a) French philosopher – Rene Descartes
o Publishes Discourse on Method
o Speculating the nature of the mind
o Giving the distinction between the mind and the body.
o Mind – being the idea / part and inner of a part of self distinct from the body.
b) English philosopher – John Locke
o Publishes Essay concerning Human Understanding
o There is no “inert” mind
o Concept of Tabula raza – blank slate
o Everything is blank and a slate is written on by our experience through sensory mechanism. We bring in and write on the blank slate.
o Behavioralism – talks on learning and what we written on blank slate
c) British associationist – David Hume
· Inquiry concerning human understanding
· Mind is no more but a collection of sensory expression link together by association.
· Association o these things are important.
· Precursor of association what happen when we do learning
d) Expericalist - Ernst Waber
· Empericalist is not a psychologist
· Their interest on mental of psychological operation in quantitative ways on sensory side where sub sensory stimulus comes
· Conduct in quantitative ways.
e) Theory of evolution – Charles Dalvin
· Put human back to animal kingdom
· Human has certain kind of built in instinct
f) Wilhelm Wundt – 1879
· Build the first laboratory of psychology in Germany
· Psychologists start to be empirialist where starts to collect data.
g) William James – 1884
· Not collect data from the ground. He read intensively on what other wrote
· He wrote a lot in psychologist introduced it to American
h) Sigmund Freud – 1900
· He is a clinical psychologist
· He based on psychoanalytical theory
· He introduced unconscious mind on a concept
i) Physiology – Ivon Pavlov – 1906
· He introduced classical conditioning
· He started the behavioural era.
j) John Watson – 1913
· He suggested to us that we should study behavior not the conscious mind
k) B.F Skiner – 1930
· Be based on behavior tradition and offering operating conditional.
l) Ulric Neisser – 1967
· He is a cognitive psychologist
· We can measures things beside behavior
· According to him, it is okey to study the mind.
· We can use sophisticated technique to understand the mind
· He measures reaction time – how long mental processing through and inferring a mind how must it like if we use the measure.
· It is a primary paradigm in psychology
m) Eward O.W – 1975
· He published sociology Evolution.
· It involves a evolution of indication of evolution another way to look at human behavior
Trend of psychology
1. Experimental
· method to collect data
2. Introspection
· look into own mind and look at the content of mind
· How to process stimulus, colour and forms
3. Behaviourist
· Noway to know our own mind hard to do measuring and measure at the same time.
· Measure behavior – ignore to mind
· Human can be bias due to conscious mind.
· Human tends to change
· Start to study behavior of animal like rats, pigeons that cannot be over rule by conscious thought.
4. Cognitive psychologist
· Information theory comes along
· Use computer as metaphor to study how human mind
· Use simulation to look into mind
5. Evolutionary psychologist
· Mind is not a blank state
· Focus of adaption that from the behavior
6. Clinical psychologist
· Human motivation is on the unconscious level – needs psychoanalysis to determine the unconscious level what is the conscious level
· They tell what the patients to do.
7. Humanistic psychology
· Introduced by Carl Roger
· Use therapist and clients
· Clients have the ability to solve her own problems
· Therapist is a method to solve problem
8. Behaviourist therapy
· If you have problem, the problem may be dissolves with an appropriate learning
· Learning how to behalve in a wrong way.
· We have to intervene with the wrong behavior
· Help client to relevant the behavior using behavior techniques
9. Cognitive therapy
· Problems due to inner inappropriate thought, thinking the wrong thing
· For example, they kept saying , I can’t …..
· The problem is due to how do they think.
· Correct by having thinking an appropriate thought.
· Teach people an appropriate thought
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